Dr. A. (Andrea) Gargano
Faculty of Science
Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
Visiting address
- Science Park 904
- Room number: C2.258
Postal address
-
Postbus 94157
1090 GD Amsterdam
Contact details
Social media
-
Biography
Andrea Gargano is a tenure-track assistant professor in Analytical Chemistry at the van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Science, University of Amsterdam (NL). In his research, he focuses on developing LC-MS technology to characterize synthetic polymers and proteins. This includes developing hyphenated separation approaches for intact proteins analysis by native&denaturing top-down mass spectrometry, the use of new enzymatic systems to characterize synthetic polymers by mass spectrometry and instrumental development of multidimensional separation coupled with mass spectrometry.
He received his Ph.D. in (Analytical) Chemistry from the University of Vienna (AU), did his post-doctoral fellowship at the University of Amsterdam (NL) and has been guest researcher in several research labs in the EU and USA (e.g. PNNL, Northwester University, LBNL).
Andrea is an enthusiastic separation-science experimentalist and published research on the synthesis of stationary phases, chiral separations, two-dimensional LC separations and LC and MS methods for proteins and polymer analysis. He received the Ernst-Bayer Award in 2014, the Csaba Horváth Young-Scientist Award in 2015, and he was awarded an NWO-VENI research fellowship for his project on Intact-Protein Analysis (IPA). In 2018 and 2022, the Analytical Scientist magazine listed him among the 'Fab Forty' of gifted young scientists making waves in analytical science.
-
Publications
2024
- Bernús, M., Mazzarella, D., Stanić, J., Zhai, Z., Yeste-Vázquez, A., Boutureira, O., Gargano, A. F. G., Grossmann, T. N., & Noël, T. (2024). A modular flow platform for sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange ligation of small molecules, peptides and proteins. Nature Synthesis, 3(2), 158-191. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44160-023-00441-0 [details]
- Bernús, M., Mazzarella, D., Stanić, J., Zhai, Z., Yeste-Vázquez, A., Boutureira, O., Gargano, A. F. G., Grossmann, T. N., & Noël, T. (2024). Publisher Correction: A modular flow platform for sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange ligation of small molecules, peptides and proteins. Nature Synthesis, 3(2), 277. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44160-024-00489-6
Groeneveld, G., Gargano, A. F. G., Voeten, R. L. C., Bos, T. S., Buijsen, P., Peters, R. A. H., & Schoenmakers, P. J. (2024). Development of a comprehensive normal-phase liquid chromatography x size-exclusion chromatography platform with ultraviolet spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry detection for the chemical characterization of complex polyesters. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1324, Article 343086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2024.343086 [details]- James, V. K., van der Zon, A. A. M., Escobar, E. E., Dunham, S. D., Gargano, A. F. G., & Brodbelt, J. S. (2024). Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography Coupled to Ultraviolet Photodissociation Affords Identification, Localization, and Relative Quantitation of Glycans on Intact Glycoproteins. Journal of Proteome Research, 23(10), 4684-4693. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00600 [details]
- Renai, L., Del Bubba, M., Gargano, A. F. G., & Samanipour, S. (2024). Consolidating two-dimensional liquid chromatography–high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC×LC-HRMS/MS) technique for the non-targeted analysis of poly- and perfluorinated substances: A trial on aqueous film-forming foams. Science of the Total Environment, 952, Article 175908. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175908 [details]
- Sadighi, R., de Kleijne, V., Wouters, S., Lubbers, K., Somsen, G. W., Gargano, A. F. G., & Haselberg, R. (2024). Online multimethod platform for comprehensive characterization of monoclonal antibodies in cell culture fluid from a single sample injection - Intact protein workflow. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1287, Article 342074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2023.342074 [details]
- Serizawa, M., Reekers, J., van Delft, P., van Bruijnsvoort, M., Schoenmakers, P. J., & Gargano, A. F. G. (2024). Functionality-type and chemical-composition separation of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) using gradient elution normal-phase liquid chromatography with basic and acidic additives. Journal of Chromatography A, 1730, Article 465137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465137 [details]
- Zhai, Z., Mavridou, D., Damian, M., Mutti, F. G., Schoenmakers, P. J., & Gargano, A. F. G. (2024). Characterization of Complex Proteoform Mixtures by Online Nanoflow Ion-Exchange Chromatography-Native Mass Spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry, 96(22), 8880-8885. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01760 [details]
- Zhai, Z., Schoenmakers, P. J., & Gargano, A. F. G. (2024). Identification of heavily glycated proteoforms by hydrophilic-interaction liquid chromatography and native size-exclusion chromatography – High-resolution mass spectrometry. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1304, Article 342543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2024.342543 [details]
- Zon, A. A. M. V. D., Höchsmann, A., Bos, T. S., Neusüß, C., Somsen, G. W., Jooß, K., Haselberg, R., & Gargano, A. F. G. (2024). Characterization of monoclonal antibody charge variants under near-native separation conditions using nanoflow sheath liquid capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1331, Article 343287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2024.343287 [details]
- van den Hurk, R. S., Lagerwaard, B., Terlouw, N. J., Sun, M., Tieleman, J. J., Verstegen, A. X., Samanipour, S., Pirok, B. W. J., & Gargano, A. F. G. (2024). Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Complex Protein Digest Analysis Using Parallel Gradients. Analytical Chemistry, 96(22), 9294-9301. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02172 [details]
- van der Zon, A. A. M., Verduin, J., van den Hurk, R. S., Gargano, A. F. G., & Pirok, B. W. J. (2024). Sample transformation in online separations: how chemical conversion advances analytical technology. Chemical Communications, 60(1), 36-50. https://doi.org/10.1039/d3cc03599a [details]
2023
- Passamonti, M., Zhai, Z., Moreschini, M., Wilson, J. W., Zhou, M., Schoenmakers, P. J., & Gargano, A. F. G. (2023). Influence of ion-pairing reagents on the separation of intact glycoproteins using hydrophilic-interaction liquid chromatography - high-resolution mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1688, Article 463721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463721 [details]
- Ventouri, I. K., Veelders, S., Passamonti, M., Endres, P., Roemling, R., Schoenmakers, P. J., Somsen, G. W., Haselberg, R., & Gargano, A. F. G. (2023). Corrigendum to “Micro-flow size-exclusion chromatography for enhanced native mass spectrometry of proteins and protein complexes” [Anal. Chim. Acta 1266 (2023) 341324]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1276, Article 341603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2023.341603
- Ventouri, I. K., Veelders, S., Passamonti, M., Endres, P., Roemling, R., Schoenmakers, P. J., Somsen, G. W., Haselberg, R., & Gargano, A. F. G. (2023). Micro-flow size-exclusion chromatography for enhanced native mass spectrometry of proteins and protein complexes. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1266, Article 341324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2023.341324 [details]
- Wei, Z., Knaus, T., Liu, Y., Zhai, Z., Gargano, A. F. G., Rothenberg, G., Yan, N., & Mutti, F. G. (2023). A high-performance electrochemical biosensor using an engineered urate oxidase. Chemical Communications, 59(52), 8071-8074 . https://doi.org/10.1039/d3cc01869e [details]
2022
- Groeneveld, G., Dunkle, M. N., Pursch, M., Mes, E. P. C., Schoenmakers, P. J., & Gargano, A. F. G. (2022). Investigation of the effects of solvent-mismatch and immiscibility in normal-phase × aqueous reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, 1665, Article 462818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462818 [details]
- Kohler, I., Verhoeven, M., Haselberg, R., & Gargano, A. F. G. (2022). Hydrophilic interaction chromatography – mass spectrometry for metabolomics and proteomics: state-of-the-art and current trends. Microchemical Journal, 175, Article 106986. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2021.106986 [details]
- Renai, L., Del Bubba, M., Samanipour, S., Stafford, R., & Gargano, A. F. G. (2022). Development of a comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatographic mass spectrometric method for the non-targeted identification of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in aqueous film-forming foams. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1232, Article 340485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2022.340485 [details]
- Wilson, J. W., Bilbao, A., Wang, J., Liao, Y.-C., Velickovic, D., Wojcik, R., Passamonti, M., Zhao, R., Gargano, A. F. G., Gerbasi, V. R., Paša-Tolić, L., Baker, S. E., & Zhou, M. (2022). Online Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography (HILIC) Enhanced Top-Down Mass Spectrometry Characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domain. Analytical Chemistry, 94(15), 5909-5917. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00139 [details]
2021
- Gargano, A. F. G., Haselberg, R., & Somsen, G. W. (2021). Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the characterization of glycoproteins at the glycan, peptide, subunit, and intact level. In Z. El Rassi (Ed.), Carbohydrate Analysis by Modern Liquid Phase Separation Techniques (2nd ed., pp. 209-278). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-821447-3.00018-4 [details]
- Groeneveld, G., Salome, R., Dunkle, M. N., Bashir, M., Gargano, A. F. G., Pursch, M., Mes, E. P. C., & Schoenmakers, P. J. (2021). Fast determination of functionality-type x molecular-weight distribution of propoxylates with varying numbers of hydroxyl end-groups using gradient-normal-phase liquid chromatography x ultra-high pressure size-exclusion chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, 1659, Article 462644. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462644 [details]
- Passamonti, M., de Roos, C., Schoenmakers, P. J., & Gargano, A. F. G. (2021). Poly(acrylamide- co- N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide) Monoliths for High-Peak-Capacity Hydrophilic-Interaction Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry of Intact Proteins at Low Trifluoroacetic Acid Content. Analytical Chemistry, 93(48), 16000–16007. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03473 [details]
- Roca, L. S., Gargano, A. F. G., & Schoenmakers, P. J. (2021). Development of comprehensive two-dimensional low-flow liquid- chromatography setup coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry for shotgun proteomics. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1156, Article 338349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2021.338349 [details]
- Wouters, S., Eeltink, S., Haselberg, R., Somsen, G. W., & Gargano, A. F. G. (2021). Microfluidic ion stripper for removal of trifluoroacetic acid from mobile phases used in HILIC-MS of intact proteins. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 413(17), 4379-4386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03414-4 [details]
2020
- Gargano, A. F. G., Schouten, O., van Schaick, G., Roca, L. S., van den Berg-Verleg, J. H., Haselberg, R., Akeroyd, M., Abello, N., & Somsen, G. W. (2020). Profiling of a high mannose-type N-glycosylated lipase using hydrophilic interaction chromatography-mass spectrometry. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1109, 69-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2020.02.042 [details]
- Kohler, I., Sun, M., Groeneveld, G., & Gargano, A. F. G. (2020). Not (only) reversed-phase LC-MS: Alternative LC–MS approaches. LC-GC North America, 38(9), 507-518. https://www.chromatographyonline.com/view/not-only-reversed-phase-lc-ms-alternative-lc-ms-approaches [details]
- Passamonti, M., Bremer, I. L., Nawada, S. H., Currivan, S. A., Gargano, A. F. G., & Schoenmakers, P. J. (2020). Confinement of Monolithic Stationary Phases in Targeted Regions of 3D-Printed Titanium Devices Using Thermal Polymerization. Analytical Chemistry, 92(3), 2589-2596. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04298 [details]
- Sénard, T., Gargano, A. F. G., Falck, D., de Taeye, S. W., Rispens, T., Vidarsson, G., Wuhrer, M., Somsen, G. W., & Domínguez-Vega, E. (2020). MS-Based Allotype-Specific Analysis of Polyclonal IgG-Fc N-Glycosylation. Frontiers in Immunology, 11, Article 2049. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.02049 [details]
- van de Ven, H. C., Purmova, J., Groeneveld, G., Bos, T. S., Gargano, A. F. G., van der Wal, S., Mengerink, Y., & Schoenmakers, P. J. (2020). Living with Breakthrough: Two-Dimensional Liquid-Chromatography Separations of a Water-Soluble Synthetically Grafted Bio-Polymer. Separations, 7(3), Article 41. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations7030041 [details]
2019
- Haselberg, R., Pirok, B. W. J., Gargano, A. F. G., & Kohler, I. (2019). Clinical Metabolomics: Expanding the Metabolome Coverage Using Advanced Analytical Techniques. LC GC Europe, 32(9), 465-480. https://doi.org/10.56530/lcgc.eu.ry4267t3 [details]
- Haselberg, R., Pirok, B. W. J., Gargano, A. F. G., & Kohler, I. (2019). Clinical Metabolomics: Expanding the Metabolome Coverage Using Advanced Analytical Techniques. LC-GC North America, 37(12), 878-887. https://doi.org/10.56530/lcgc.eu.ry4267t3 [details]
- Roca, L. S., Schoemaker, S. E., Pirok, B. W. J., Gargano, A. F. G., & Schoenmakers, P. J. (2019). Accurate modelling of the retention behaviour of peptides in gradient-elution hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, 1614, Article 460650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460650 [details]
- van Schaick, G., Pirok, B. W. J., Haselberg, R., Somsen, G. W., & Gargano, A. F. G. (2019). Computer-aided gradient optimization of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic separations of intact proteins and protein glycoforms. Journal of Chromatography A, 1598, 67-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2019.03.038 [details]
2018
- Baglai, A., Blokland, M. H., Mol, H. G. J., Gargano, A. F. G., van der Wal, S., & Schoenmakers, P. J. (2018). Enhancing detectability of anabolic-steroid residues in bovine urine by actively modulated online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography - high-resolution mass spectrometry. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1013, 87-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2017.12.043 [details]
- Gargano, A. F. G., Roca, L. S., Fellers, R. T., Bocxe, M., Domínguez-Vega, E., & Somsen, G. W. (2018). Capillary HILIC-MS: A New Tool for Sensitive Top-Down Proteomics. Analytical Chemistry, 90(11), 6601-6609. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00382 [details]
- Gargano, A. F. G., Shaw, J. B., Zhou, M., Wilkins, C. S., Fillmore, T. L., Moore, R. J., Somsen, G. W., & Paša-Tolić, L. (2018). Increasing the Separation Capacity of Intact Histone Proteoforms Chromatography Coupling Online Weak Cation Exchange-HILIC to Reversed Phase LC UVPD-HRMS. Journal of Proteome Research, 17(11), 3791-3800. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00458 [details]
- Groeneveld, G., Dunkle, M. N., Rinken, M., Gargano, A. F. G., de Niet, A., Pursch, M., Mes, E. P. C., & Schoenmakers, P. J. (2018). Characterization of complex polyether polyols using comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography hyphenated to high-resolution mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1569, 128-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2018.07.054 [details]
- Pirok, B. W. J., Gargano, A. F. G., & Schoenmakers, P. J. (2018). Optimizing separations in online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography. Journal of Separation Science, 41(1), 68-98. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201700863 [details]
2017
- Baglai, A., Gargano, A. F. G., Jordens, J., Mengerink, Y., Honing, M., van der Wal, S., & Schoenmakers, P. J. (2017). Comprehensive lipidomic analysis of human plasma using multidimensional liquid- and gas-phase separations: Two-dimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry vs. liquid chromatography-trapped-ion-mobility-mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1530, 90-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2017.11.014 [details]
2016
- Gargano, A. F. G., Duffin, M., Navarro, P., & Schoenmakers, P. J. (2016). Reducing Dilution and Analysis Time in Online Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography by Active Modulation. Analytical Chemistry, 88(3), 1785-1793. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04051 [details]
- van de Ven, H. C., Gargano, A. F. G., van der Wal, S., & Schoenmakers, P. J. (2016). Switching solvent and enhancing analyte concentrations in small effluent fractions using in-column focusing. Journal of Chromatography A, 1427, 90-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.082 [details]
2015
- Vonk, R. J., Gargano, A. F. G., Davydova, E., Dekker, H. L., Eeltink, S., de Koning, L. J., & Schoenmakers, P. J. (2015). Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography with Stationary-Phase-Assisted Modulation Coupled to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Applied to Proteome Analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Analytical Chemistry, 87(10), 5387-5394. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00708 [details]
2014
- Gargano, A. F. G., Lämmerhofer, M., Lönn, H., Schoenmakers, P. J., & Leek, T. (2014). Mucin-based stationary phases as tool for the characterization of drug-mucus interaction. Journal of Chromatography A, 1351, 70-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2014.05.031 [details]
2013
- Gargano, A. F. G., Buchinger, S., Kohout, M., Lindner, W., & Lämmerhofer, M. (2013). Single-step Ugi multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of phosphopeptidomimetics. Journal of Organic Chemistry, 78(20), 10077-10087. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo401372x
- Gargano, A. F. G., Kohout, M., Macíková, P., Lämmerhofer, M., & Lindner, W. (2013). Direct high-performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of free α-, β- And γ-aminophosphonic acids employing cinchona-based chiral zwitterionic ion exchangers Amino Acid Analysis. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 405(25), 8027-8038. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-013-6938-6
- Gargano, A. F. G., Leek, T., Lindner, W., & Lämmerhofer, M. (2013). Mixed-mode chromatography with zwitterionic phosphopeptidomimetic selectors from Ugi multicomponent reaction. Journal of Chromatography A, 1317, 12-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.095
- Gargano, A. F. G., Lindner, W., & Lämmerhofer, M. (2013). Phosphopeptidomimetic substance libraries from multicomponent reaction: Enantioseparation on quinidine carbamate stationary phase. Journal of Chromatography A, 1310, 56-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2013.08.019
- Mahut, M., Gargano, A., Schuchnigg, H., Lindner, W., & Lämmerhofer, M. (2013). Chemoaffinity material for plasmid DNA analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography with condition-dependent switching between isoform and topoisomer selectivity. Analytical Chemistry, 85(5), 2913-2920. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac3034823
2012
- Franco, P., Zhang, T., Gargano, A., Mahut, M., Lammerhofer, M., & Lindner, W. (2012). Enantiomer and topoisomer separation of acidic compounds on anion-exchanger chiral stationary phases by HPLC and SFC. LC GC Europe, 25(11), 600-610.
2010
- Hinterwirth, H., Lämmerhofer, M., Preinerstorfer, B., Gargano, A., Reischl, R., Bicker, W., Trapp, O., Brecker, L., & Lindner, W. (2010). Selectivity issues in targeted metabolomics: Separation of phosphorylated carbohydrate isomers by mixed-mode hydrophilic interaction/weak anion exchange chromatography. Journal of Separation Science, 33(21), 3273-3282. https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201000412
- Lämmerhofer, M., & Gargano, A. (2010). Monoliths with chiral surface functionalization for enantioselective capillary electrochromatography. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 53(5), 1091-1123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2010.05.026
2009
- Krenkova, J., Gargano, A., Lacher, N. A., Schneiderheinze, J. M., & Svec, F. (2009). High binding capacity surface grafted monolithic columns for cation exchange chromatography of proteins and peptides. Journal of Chromatography A, 1216(40), 6824-6830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2009.08.031
Membership / relevant position
- Gargano, A. (2019-). Visiting Fellow at VU Amsterdam, VU. https://research.vu.nl/en/persons/andrea-gargano
Journal editor
- Gargano, A. (editor) (2024-). Journal of Separation Science (Journal). https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/hub/journal/16159314/homepage/editorialboard.html
2022
- Passamonti, M. (2022). Materials and devices for spatial multi-dimensional liquid chromatography. [Thesis, fully internal, Universiteit van Amsterdam]. [details]
- Roca, L. S. (2022). Towards greater selectivity and peak capacities in multidimensional separations of complex samples. [Thesis, fully internal, Universiteit van Amsterdam]. [details]
2023
- Gargano, A. (2023). MassIVE MSV000092199 - Parallel gradients in comprehensive two_dimensional liquid chromatography_mass spectrometry for complex protein digest analysis. MassIVE. https://doi.org/10.25345/c58s4k03x
- Gargano, A. (2023). MassIVE MSV000091582 - Micro-flow size-exclusion chromatography for enhanced native mass spectrometry of proteins and protein complexes. MassIVE. https://doi.org/10.25345/c50k26n1m
2021
- Gargano, A. (2021). MassIVE MSV000086798 - Microfluidic ion stripper for removal of trifluoroacetic acid from mobile phases used in HILIC-MS of intact proteins. MassIVE. https://doi.org/10.25345/c5v793
- Passamonti, M., de Roos, C., Schoenmakers, P. & Gargano, A. (2021). MassIVE MSV000087977 - Acrylamide-based monolith for HILIC-HRMS of intact (glyco)proteins. UC San Diego. https://doi.org/10.25345/c5sc26
This list of publications is extracted from the UvA-Current Research Information System. Questions? Ask the library or the Pure staff of your faculty / institute. Log in to Pure to edit your publications. Log in to Personal Page Publication Selection tool to manage the visibility of your publications on this list. -
Ancillary activities
No ancillary activities
Groeneveld, G., Gargano, A. F. G., Voeten, R. L. C., Bos, T. S., Buijsen, P., Peters, R. A. H., & Schoenmakers, P. J. (2024). Development of a comprehensive normal-phase liquid chromatography x size-exclusion chromatography platform with ultraviolet spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry detection for the chemical characterization of complex polyesters. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1324, Article 343086.